Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune condition presenting with diverse neurological and psychiatric symptoms, including cognitive impairment and movement disorders like choreoathetosis. Diagnosis relies on detecting antibodies against NMDAR on the cell surface. This case highlights the importance of considering autoimmune etiologies for neurological symptoms, even in the absence of a clear infectious agent. Early recognition of NMDAR encephalitis is crucial for prompt treatment, which can significantly improve patient outcomes and prevent long-term sequelae. It underscores that this condition might be more prevalent than previously thought, warranting increased awareness among clinicians for timely intervention.
Key note: Autoimmune encephalitis, particularly NMDAR encephalitis, should be a differential diagnosis for patients presenting with complex neuropsychiatric symptoms.