This review provides an update on free-living amebae (FLA) infections, specifically focusing on Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris, and Acanthamoeba species, which cause rare but nearly always fatal central nervous system infections. It highlights recent developments in their epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies, emphasizing the challenges in early detection and effective management due to the rapid progression and high mortality rates associated with these parasitic diseases. Improved understanding and advanced diagnostic tools are crucial for better patient outcomes.
Key note: Early and accurate diagnosis of rare amebic meningoencephalitis is critical for timely intervention, despite the high fatality rate.